Toy guns are toys which imitate gun, but are designed for sport or casual play by children. From hand-carved wooden replicas to factory-produced and , toy guns come in all sizes, prices and materials such as wood, metal, plastic or any combination thereof. Many newer toy guns are brightly colored and oddly shaped to prevent them from being mistaken for real firearms.
Types
Wooden guns
Wooden guns are made to resemble real guns. Often handmade, these toys may or may not have metal parts and are made with various levels of detail.
Suction cup darts
Suction cup dart toy pistols are made to resemble real pistols, used to fire one
suction cup dart.
Rubber band guns
Rubber band guns are toy guns used to fire one or more
(or "elastic bands"). Rubber band guns are often used in live-action games such as Assassins, in which they are common and popular toy weapons. They are also common in offices and classrooms. Rubber band guns have been popular toys that date back to the invention of rubber bands, which were patented in
England on March 17, 1845, by Stephen Perry.
[ How rubber bands are made.
This reference states that the rubber is vulcanized before it is extruded. The rubber is then "cured" on mandrels. The "Made How" reference appears to directly copy text from other sources, some of which appears to be incorrect. The exact same text regarding Thomas Hancock appears in a 1995 book entitled "CD's, super glue and salsa: how everyday products are made" by Kathleen Witman, Kyung-Sun Lim, Neil Schlager. Contradicting other sources, both credit Thomas Perry rather than Stephen Perry for the invention of the rubber band.]
Cap guns
Cap guns, cap pistols, or cap rifles are toy guns that create a loud sound simulating a gunshot and a puff of smoke when a small percussion cap is exploded. Cap guns were originally made of cast iron, but after World War II were made of zinc alloy, and most newer models are made of plastic.
Model guns
Modelguns are Japanese full-size toy guns that highly replicate the appearance, design, and operation of the real ones but cannot shoot any projectile. It comes as either ignition models (a very sophisticated type of cap guns) or non-ignition dummy models. Both are subject to the strict Japanese Gun Control Law for identification and to prevent possible modification.
Theatrical prop guns
Prop guns are toy guns that have to look like real guns. They are commonly used in movies, TV shows, and other theatrical performances.
Spud guns
are small toy guns used to fire a fragment of
potato. To operate, one punctures the surface of a potato with the gun's hollow tip and pries out a small pellet which fits snugly in the muzzle. Squeezing the trigger causes a small build-up of air pressure inside the toy which propels the projectile. The devices are usually short-range and low-powered.
Water guns
Water guns are a type of toy gun that uses a variety of methods to spray jets of water. Many early small water guns used the same trigger based pumping mechanism used for
. In this type of device, the trigger actuates a positive displacement pump shaft. With the aid of two
, often using small balls, fluid is drawn into the pump from a reservoir, then forced out the nozzle upon squeezing the trigger.
The simplicity of the spraying mechanism allowed these toys to be manufactured cheaply and allowed the majority of the body to be used as the reservoir. The primary limitation of this design is the volume of water that can be effectively moved per pump. Increasing pump volume would require more user effort to push the fluid out, making larger designs impractical. However, this technology remains widely used today both in spray bottles as well as small water guns that can be found in a wide variety of shapes and colors.
Pop guns
The
pop gun is a toy gun that was made by American inventor Edward Lewis and uses
air pressure to fire a small tethered or untethered
projectile (such as cork or foam) out of a barrel, most often via
piston action though sometimes via spring pressure. Other variants do not launch the obstruction, but simply create a loud noise.
This mechanism consists of a hollow cylindrical
gun barrel which is sealed at one end with the projectile and at the other with a long-handled
plunger. In this type, the plunger is rapidly forced down the barrel, building up internal air pressure until the projectile is forced out with the "pop" sound that lends the toy its name.
Ray guns
In fiction,
ray guns are a science fiction particle-beam weapon that fires what is usually destructive energy. In most stories, when activated, a raygun emits a ray, typically visible, usually lethal if it hits a human target, often destructive if it hits mechanical objects, with properties and other effects unspecified or varying.
Toy ray guns often have a mechanical component that sparks, light-up and make a sound effect.
Tracer guns
, sometimes known as disc guns, are a kind of toy gun made of durable plastic. The toy shoots lightweight plastic discs roughly the size of a penny. The discs used as ammunition for these guns are often sold with the label "Jet Discs." The firing mechanism is a spring. The magazine typically holds around 20 "discs." The range is about 10 feet, and accuracy is far from dependable. The trigger requires some force. The firing sound is loud, low, and distinctive. Oftentimes the trigger will become loose and will take multiple attempts to shoot.
Foam dart blasters
Foam dart blasters are toy guns that fire foam darts, discs, or foam balls. The term "Nerf blaster", referring to blasters made by
Hasbro, is often used as a blanket term for any foam dart blaster, regardless of whether or not it has the
Nerf brand name.
Foam dart blasters are manufactured in multiple forms, including
,
, and light machine guns.
The first Nerf blasters emerged in the late 1980s with the release of the Nerf Blast-a-Ball[ Nerf Blast-a-Ball] and the Arrowstorm.
Airsoft guns
Airsoft guns are
replica toy guns used in
airsoft sports. They are essentially a special type of very low-power
smoothbore designed to shoot
airsoft pellets often colloquially (and incorrectly) referred to as "BBs", which are typically made of (but not limited to)
plastic or biodegradable
resin materials. Airsoft gun powerplants are designed to have low
muzzle energy ratings (generally less than ) and the polymer pellets have significantly less penetrative and
than conventional air guns, and are generally quite safe for competitive sporting and
purposes if proper
protective gear is worn.
MilSim is a major element of appeal for airsoft guns, and airsoft games rely heavily on an honor system, where a player has the ethical obligation to call himself out of play when hit.
Gel blasters
are replica toy guns similar in design to airsoft guns but much less powerful, and shoot superabsorbent polymer (most commonly sodium polyacrylate)
(often sold commercially as garden moisture retainers) which are
into -diameter
colloquially called
gel beads or
gel balls.
Gel blasters are invented as a replacement toy for regions with airsoft-unfriendly laws (e.g. China, Australia, Malaysia and Vietnam), and are often played in CQB-style shooting sport similar to paintball, but follows an airsoft-like honor-based gameplay referee system.
Paintball gun
Paintball gun, paint gun, or marker gun, is the main piece of paintball equipment in the sport of
paintball. Markers use an expanding gas, such as
carbon dioxide (CO
2) or
compressed air, to propel paintballs through the barrel and quickly strike a target. The term "marker" is derived from its original use as a means for
forestry personnel to mark trees and
ranchers to mark wandering
cattle.
Light guns
are
for
and a
Game controller for
arcade game and video games, typically shaped to resemble a
pistol. Modern screen-based light guns work by building an optical sensor into the gun, which receives its input from the light emitted by on-screen target(s). The first device of this type, the
light pen, was used on the MIT Whirlwind computer. Modern
in athletics use similar devices that emit a sound and flash a light.
Laser tag gun
Laser tag is a tag game played with toy guns which fire
infrared beams. Infrared-sensitive targets are commonly worn by each player and are sometimes integrated within the arena in which the game is played.
Since its birth in 1979, with the release of the Star Trek Electronic Phasers toy manufactured by the South Bend Electronics brand of Milton Bradley, laser tag has evolved into both indoor and outdoor styles of play, and may include simulations of combat, role play-style games, or competitive sporting events including tactical configurations and precise game goals.
Laser tag is popular with a wide range of ages. When compared to paintball, laser tag is painless because it uses no physical projectiles, and indoor versions may be considered less physically demanding because most indoor venues prohibit running or roughhousing.
Dummy guns
Dummy guns have been historically used by police and military organizations for training purposes. During World War II, Parris Manufacturing Company provided over 2 million accurate copies of the M1903 Springfield rifles, the MK 1 USN Dummy Training Rifle to the U.S. armed forces. After the war they continued to manufacture and sell their replicas as toy guns. As well as smaller sized models for children that featured a working bolt with a dummy bullet, leather sling, the clicker action, and a smaller rubber bayonet similar to the M1 bayonet.
Today, the United States military, calls these dummy training guns "rubber ducks" or "blue guns", usually resembling an M16 type rifle.
Popularity and proliferation
Children have always had small imitations of things from the adult world and toy guns are no exception. From a hand-carved wooden replica to factory-produced
and
, toy guns came in all sizes, prices and materials from wood, to metal, to plastic or any combination thereof.
With the influence of Hollywood and comic strips, could make an ordinary toy gun a major bestseller. In the 1930s Daisy Outdoor Products came out with a Buck Rogers Rocket Pistol (1933), Disintegrator Pistol (1934), and Liquid Helium Pistol (1935) that sold in record numbers.
Mattel had used television advertising to sell their "burp gun" on The Mickey Mouse Club in the mid-1950s to great effect. In 1959 Mattel sponsored their own television show Matty's Funday Funnies with their trademark little boy "Matty" showing cartoons and advertising their products. Mattel toys came out with Dick Tracy weapons in 1960 that were state of the art. Not only could the "Dick Tracy Crimestoppers" have a realistic snubnosed revolver in a shoulder holster, but Mattel also boosted junior law enforcement firepower with a Dick Tracy cap firing tommy gun that fired a burst of 6 caps automatically when the M-1 Thompson-style bolt was pulled back. One commercial featured Billy Mumy demonstrating the weapons to his father prior to watching Dick Tracy on TV. Mattel also came up with a "Dick Tracy Water Jet Gun" that was a miniature replica of a police pump action shotgun that fired caps when one pulled the trigger and squirted water when one pumped the slide. When the Dick Tracy craze faded the same two weapons were reissued in military camouflage as Green Beret "Guerrilla Fighter" weapons. (see United States Army Special Forces in popular culture). Mattel later issued the same tommy gun in its original colours as a Planet of the Apes tie-in complete with ape mask.
In the mid-1960s, Multiple Toymakers/Multiple Plastics Corporation (MPC) came out with James Bond's attaché case from From Russia with Love. Topper Toys replied with a copy called "Secret Sam" that featured a toy gun that fired plastic bullets through the attaché case and had a working camera that outsold 007's kit. MPC toys replied with a "B.A.R.K" - "Bond Assault and Raider Kit" an attaché case that opened up to display a firing mortar and a rocket shooting pistol. MPC also provided a "Bond-O-Matic" water pistol. Bond's television competition The Man From U.N.C.L.E. had their pistol with attachments that turned it into a rifle made by both the Ideal Toy Company in the US and the Lone Star Toys company in the United Kingdom. Mattel came out with a series of "Zero-M" secret-agent weapons such as a camera turning into a pistol and a radio turning into a rifle demonstrated by a juvenile Agent Zero M played by Kurt Russell.
Perhaps the ultimate toy weapon was the 1964 Topper Toys Johnny Seven OMA (One Man Army) where an exciting television commercial showed one little boy using each of the seven weapons of the gun to wipe out a neighborhood full of children armed only with ordinary toy guns. Though an amazing seller, the Captain Kangaroo television program refused to air the advertisement. The proliferation of toy weapons was satirized in the "Our Man in Toyland" episode of Get Smart.
In the 1970s, the Star Wars media franchise provided new laser blaster and lightsabers produced by Kenner Toys.
Toy gun control
Toy guns can cause harm like many objects not under proper supervision. Unlike most other toys though, much of the danger of these toys is related to mistaking a toy gun for a real gun or vice versa. For example:
-
a robber or other might threaten people with a toy gun.
-
people might call the police, flee, panic, or attempt to overpower someone carrying a toy gun.
-
and Concealed carry might mistake someone carrying a toy gun for a Murder carrying a real gun, and shoot them.
-
a child might play with and fire a real gun confusing it for a toy gun.
United States
Toy guns were temporarily removed from the
Sears Roebuck 1968
Christmas catalog after the April assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. and the June assassination of Robert F. Kennedy.
[Sifakis, Carl Encyclopedia of Assassinations: Revised Edition Fitzhenry & Whiteside (2002)] However, they returned to the
Sears catalog the following year.
Beginning in the 1970s, American gun control advocates called for federal government to regulate and/or ban the manufacture and sale of toy guns. These calls were countered by toy industry groups, who preferred to set their own standards. In 1973, the newly formed U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission received petitions and letters from consumers, asking the commission to institute mandatory safety standards for the design of toy weapons. These calls for action were repeated in 1975. However, the trade association representing the toy weapon manufacturers also contacted the CPSC, asking them to delay until the industry developed their own set of voluntary standards. The voluntary guidelines that were published over the next few years emphasized the use of warning labels on packaging and instructions, rather than mandating safety standards for the design of projectile toys. The Consumer Product Safety Commission rejected further petitions to regulate toy weapon manufacture in 1981 and 1985.[ ]
In March 2018, Walmart (the largest single retailer in the United States) announced that they would stop selling certain types of toy guns.
Laws
In the United States, federal law and regulations indicate that all toy guns transported or imported into the country must have a 6mm-wide blaze orange tip or a blaze orange stripe 1-inch (2.54 centimeters) thick on both sides of the barrel. However, this is not required by federal law for airsoft and paintball. Part 272 of Title 15 of the Code of Federal Regulations on foreign commerce and trade (15 CFR 272) states that "no person shall manufacture, enter into commerce, ship, transport, or receive any toy, look-alike, or imitation firearm" without approved markings; these may include an orange tip, orange barrel plug, brightly colored (
safety orange) exterior of the whole toy, or transparent construction.
New York City, Washington, D.C., Chicago, and parts of Michigan have completely banned airsoft guns.. In New York City, as of 2003, the sale of replica toy guns was punishable with one year's jail term plus $1,000. Chicago goes even further with their mandates.
United Kingdom
There is a controversy as to whether or not toy guns are appropriate for children to play with. Some people believe they can encourage
violence. In 2007, the British Department for Children, Schools and Families (which existed between 2007 and 2010) has advised young boys be encouraged to play with toy guns, as it will encourage them to learn and foster their development.
However, the National Union of Teachers in England has criticised this advice, arguing that toy guns "symbolise aggression" and that encouraging boys to play with them fosters
Gender role.
Pakistan
In 2016, Shafeeq Gigyani, who is a peace activist in
Pakistan, started a campaign against toy guns.
See also
-
BB gun
-
Ceremonial weapon
-
Drill purpose rifle
-
Lego gun
-
Rubber band gun
-
Rubber duck (military)
-
Shooting of Tamir Rice
External links
